Understanding the Basics of Influenza: A Comprehensive FAQ

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a viral infection that affects the respiratory tract. It's a highly contagious disease that can lead to mild to severe illness. Here are some frequently asked questions about influenza to help you better understand this common viral illness.

What is the difference between the flu and a cold?

The flu and the common cold are both respiratory illnesses, but they have different symptoms and are caused by different viruses. The flu is generally more severe than the common cold and is caused by influenza viruses. Symptoms of the flu include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, and fatigue. The common cold usually has milder symptoms, such as a runny nose, sore throat, and cough. While both can cause similar symptoms, the flu tends to come on more quickly and can cause more severe symptoms, including fever and body aches.

How is the flu spread?

The flu is spread mainly from person to person through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. It's also possible to get the flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching your own mouth, nose, or eyes. The virus can survive on surfaces for a short period of time, which is why hand hygiene and cleaning surfaces regularly are important in preventing the spread of the flu.

Can I get the flu every year?

Yes, you can get the flu every year because the influenza virus is constantly changing. Each year, new flu viruses can emerge, and the viruses that are circulating can change, which is why a new flu vaccine is developed each season to protect against the most common strains. While getting the flu multiple times is possible, most people develop immunity to the strains they've been exposed to, which helps reduce the severity and duration of the illness.

Is there a difference between the flu shot and the nasal spray vaccine?

Yes, there are differences between the flu shot and the nasal spray vaccine. The flu shot is an inactivated vaccine that is given with a needle, typically in the arm. It contains killed virus that is designed to protect against the flu. The nasal spray vaccine, also known as the LAIV (Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine), is a vaccine that contains live, weakened flu viruses. It is administered through the nose as a mist. Both vaccines can provide protection against the flu, but they are not suitable for everyone. The flu shot is recommended for most people over the age of six months, while the nasal spray vaccine is generally recommended for healthy individuals between the ages of two and 49 years old who are not pregnant. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine which vaccine is best for you.