What is the English Equivalent of "拒绝"?

When translating the Chinese word "拒绝" into English, several terms can be used depending on the context. Here are some common English equivalents along with detailed explanations:

1. Refuse

"Refuse" is a straightforward translation of "拒绝" and is often used in formal or polite situations. It implies a clear and direct denial of a request or offer. For example, if someone asks you to join a project and you decline, you might say, "I must refuse, as I am already committed to another project." This term is commonly used in business and formal communication.

2. Decline

"Decline" is another suitable English equivalent that conveys a polite refusal. It is often used when declining an invitation or an offer. For instance, if you are invited to a party but cannot attend, you might respond by saying, "I'm sorry, but I must decline. I have prior commitments." This term is versatile and can be used in both formal and informal settings.

3. Turn down

"Turn down" is a more colloquial way to express "拒绝" and is often used in everyday conversation. It implies a casual and sometimes informal refusal. For example, if a friend asks you to go for a movie and you don't feel like it, you might simply say, "I think I'll turn down that offer tonight." This phrase is more relaxed and can be used among friends or in less formal situations.

4. Reject

"Reject" is a stronger term that can be used when the refusal is more definitive or when the subject being refused is something that requires a clear decision. For instance, if a company rejects a job application, it means that the application has been turned down due to not meeting the required criteria. This term is often used in contexts where a decision needs to be made, such as in hiring processes or product evaluations.

5. Refuse to do

"Refuse to do" is a phrase that combines the verb "refuse" with the gerund form of the verb "do." It is used to emphasize the act of refusing to engage in a specific activity. For example, if someone asks you to help with a task and you clearly state that you will not participate, you might say, "I refuse to do that." This phrase is particularly effective in situations where the refusal is being explicitly stated.